が

が is a particle used to mark the subject of a sentence or to introduce new information.

🔹 Basic Meanings

• subject marker (“who / what does the action”)
• marks new or important information

🔹 When to use が

• To show who or what performs an action
• To introduce new information
• In sentences about existence (あります / います)
• With words like 好き, 嫌い, 上手, ほしい
• Very common and important in N5

🔹 Simple Examples

雨が降っています。
→ It is raining.

猫がいます。
→ There is a cat.

日本語が好きです。
→ I like Japanese.

時間があります。
→ I have time.

🔹 Difference (N5-friendly)

が marks the subject, while は marks the topic.
(At N5 level: use が for new or unknown information.)

⭐ The Grammar Summary

• が = subject marker
• Shows who/what does something
• Used with existence, likes, abilities, and wants
• Essential particle in JLPT N5